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Ernestine Eckstein
Ernestine Eckstein (April 23, 1941 – July 15, 1992) was an African-American woman who helped steer the United States Lesbian and Gay rights movement during the 1960s. She was a leader in the New York chapter of Daughters of Bilitis (DOB). Her influence helped the DOB move away from negotiating with medical professionals and towards tactics of public demonstrations. Her understanding of, and work in, the Civil Rights Movement lent valuable experience on public protest to the lesbian and gay movement. Eckstein worked among activists such as Phyllis Lyon and Del Martin, Barbara Gittings, Franklin Kameny, and Randy Wicker. In the 1970s she became involved in the Black Feminist Movement, in particular the organization Black Women Organized for Action (BWOA).
== Early life ==
Eckstein was born in Indiana in 1941.〔(), ''Indiana University: Singing Hoosiers'', 2006〕 Her given name was Ernestine Delois Eppenger, though all her lesbian and gay activist work was done under the name Eckstein to protect herself from being outed in circles where it was not safe to be open.〔During the 1960s it was common for Gay and Lesbian activists to work under pseudonyms to protect knowledge about their sexual orientation from reaching those who would use it against them (to fire them from their jobs or disown them from their families). On pg 9 of her June 1966 interview in The Ladder, Eckstein herself said, “ I will get in a picket line, but in a different city,” implying that she understands the danger of being publicly associated with homosexual identity, and therefore would not label herself homosexual in public in her own city.〕 She graduated from Indiana University in Bloomington, Indiana in 1963.〔http://static.getsnworks.com/ids/arbutus/1963/〕 Her undergraduate degree was in Magazine Journalism with a minor in Government and Russian.〔Interview in The Ladder: A Lesbian Review, June 1966, pg. 4〕 She moved to New York City soon after graduation in 1963 at the age of twenty-two. Upon moving she came into a lesbian identity and her activism as a lesbian began.〔Marcia Gallo, Different Daughters, pg. 122 and Interview in The Ladder: A Lesbian Review, June 1966, pg. 4〕 Eckstein says of her sexual orientation:
:::“This was a kind of blank that had never been filled by anything- until after I came to New York…I didn’t know the term gay! And he (gay male friend from Indiana who was living in New York ) explained it to me. Then all of a sudden things began to click … the next thing on the agenda was to find a way of being in the homosexual movement."〔
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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